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Special Needs

Below is a summary of the research that has been done with the IF-AT relating to students with special needs.

Given the immediate feedback that the IF-AT provides, the IF-AT is an inexpensive alternative to someone working directly with a student with special needs. Because the IF-AT provides a student with feedback, the student does not need the same level of personal attention that they otherwise require.


Adjunctive role for immediate feedback in the acquisition and retention of mathematical fact series by elementary school students classified with mild mental retardation
Dihoff, Roberta E. ; Brosvic, Gary M. ; Epstein, Michael L. ; Cook, Michael J., The Psychological Record, Vol 55, 39-66, 2005
The effects of feedback on the acquisition and retention of mathematical fact series by elementary school students classified with mild mental retardation was examined in 4 studies. Different groups of students in the study were provided with different levels of feedback on tests. Certai...  
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Feedback facilitates the acquisition and retention of numerical fact series by elementary school students with mathematics learning disabilities
Brosvic Gary M. ; Dihoff Roberta E. ; Epstein Michael L. ; Cook Michael J. ; The Psychological record 2006, vol. 56, no1, pp. 35-54
The effects of feedback to assist elementary school students classified as either normally achieving (NA) or with a mathematics learning disability (MLD) in acquiring the fact series of 0 to 9 for the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division were examined in Study ...  
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Effectiveness of feedback during the testing of preschool children, elementary school children, and adolescents with developmental delays
Epstein Michael L. ; Brosvic Gary M. ; Costner Kate L. ; Dihoff Roberta E. ; Lazarus Amber D. , The Psychological Record 2003, vol. 53, no2, pp. 177-195
Students in Grades 1, 3, 5, and 7 studied test materials presented within the context of a story, and then responded to a 10-item quiz using either a Scantron form or an Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF-AT) form (Study 1). The retention of these materials was examined 1 week lat...  
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